In higher plants, duplication of the ancestral bch gene took place most probably via whole-genome or segmental genome duplication [ 26] and the duplicates seem to have functionally diverged primarily at the gene expression level [ 60- 62].
This suggests that acoustic signals have diverged primarily through drift in allopatric populations or through selection for non-interference in sympatric groups rather than ecological selection for different prey sizes.
Alternatively, hydrocarbon profiles may diverge between populations primarily due to differences in ecological variables such as temperature, humidity, habitat preference, or host-plant use, promoting the evolution of pre- and post-zygotic isolation under circumstances where such profiles also function in intraspecific or interspecific mate choices [ 29, 40].
Divergence was primarily observed in large networks (CLR thresholds of two and three) where ~10-20 ~10-20e neighbourhoods were significantly diverged.
Alternatively, if trophic divergence is manifest primarily along non-host associated lines, then it will have diverged along a different trajectory relative to traits involved in crypsis and may stymie how far ecological speciation proceeds.
Fagaceae, or the beech and oak family, represents the next diverging lineage, which diversified primarily in north temperate regions.
It suggests that the members of the PTR family have diverged from each other primarily due to speciation and then undergone significant changes since the monocot/dicot split.
Along one path from the outgroup to the JAPONICA-cpGroup I, the first group of accessions to diverge was cpGroup IV, found primarily in the geographically isolated W3 accessions from Papua New Guinea and Australia and the closely related AA genome species, O. meridionalis.
Early work on the mechanisms by which TFs diverge into unique roles focused primarily on variation at the level of DNA recognition motif, i.e. functional divergence [ 39].
