Variation at protein loci in H. formosa also departs from this vicariance model, revealing shallowly diverged and geographically overlapping population groups/lineages without deep genetic breaks at predicted barriers.
However, the geographical associations of different HCV genotypes, which appear to have been evolving and diverging in geographically discrete human populations over an extended time scale, could also be the result of multiple, more recent, independent cross-species transmissions to geographically separated human populations.
When working on a more coarse scale with more distantly diverged (either geographically or temporally) species or taxa, the use of either interrupted repeats or lower repeat frequency perfect motifs may aid in capturing the slower mode and tempo of change while still retaining some degree of relatedness.
I favor the latter: even as groups diverge agriculturally and geographically they converge symbolically in a discourse that stereotypes differences.
In this model, the foundation stock is assumed to diverge into two geographically isolated populations (populations 1 and 2) and these populations evolve independently (fig. 4).
Ecological speciation, also called "ecogeographic" speciation if the diverging populations are geographically isolated [ 5], occurs when reproductive barriers between populations evolve as a result of divergent natural selection in contrasting environments.
Given the difference in the sizes of their geographic distributions, we initially hypothesized that M. griseorufus diverged peripatrically from a geographically widespread common ancestor.
The analysis revealed geographically structured lineages diverging since the Pliocene.
This suggests that the Palmorchestia populations are highly structured geographically and have diverged genetically.
Along one path from the outgroup to the JAPONICA-cpGroup I, the first group of accessions to diverge was cpGroup IV, found primarily in the geographically isolated W3 accessions from Papua New Guinea and Australia and the closely related AA genome species, O. meridionalis.
