Apart from being a stimulant, theobromine is also a vasodilator (widener of blood vessels) and a diuretic.
At the championships themselves, four Chinese swimmers tested positive for a banned diuretic (used to dilute urine samples so that anabolic steroids are not detected).Are such results proof that the system is working, that top-level sport is becoming cleaner?
Other sulfonamides include sildenafil (Viagra), a popular drug for the treatment of erectile dysfunction; piroxicam (Feldene), a cyclic sulfonamide used to treat arthritis; and acetazolamide (Diamox), a diuretic used in the treatment of glaucoma.
In February 2003 Warne encountered further controversy when he was ejected from the World Cup in South Africa after a drug test revealed the presence of a banned diuretic; he subsequently received a 12-month ban.
Bowling against Sri Lanka, Australian cricketer Shane Warne becomes only the second person ever to have bowled 500 Test wickets; Warne only recently completed a 12-month suspension for taking a banned diuretic.
A stepped-care approach has traditionally been used, starting with a single, well-tolerated drug, such as a diuretic.
Patients with very low serum sodium concentrations can be treated by intravenous administration of concentrated salt solutions along with a diuretic.
Western analysis has shown that it has diuretic and other properties but is of doubtful value.
Chemically, vasotocin is a hybrid of oxytocin and vasopressin, and it appears to have the biologic properties of both oxytocin (which stimulates contraction of muscles of the reproductive tract, thus playing a role in egg-laying or birth) and vasopressin (with either diuretic or antidiuretic properties).
In addition, the prophylactic use of the diuretic acetazolamide initiated two to three days before ascent may prevent or mitigate acute altitude sickness.
Experimental studies indicate an endocrine relationship in gastropods between the gonad (ovotestis) and possible neurosecretory cells in the tentacles and the brain; one ganglion of the gastropod Lymnaea may secrete a neurohormone with a diuretic (urine producing) action.
