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The Biotic Vulnerability is represented by the cave geophysical characteristics and human-induced disturbance present.
The SEP coast north of 35°S is characterized by interannual cold and warm ocean temperature events linked to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a global ocean-climate disturbance present since the Pliocene [ 23].
Figure 6E,F shows the dynamics of terminal cell production for a three-layered topology when there is no disturbance present and when there is loss of stem-like cells at each of the layers.
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The poor sensitivity of these metrics to disturbance presents challenges for monitoring and managing impacts to biodiversity in this region.
Hyponatremia is an electrolyte disturbance presenting the potential for morbidity and mortality in patients with neurological complications secondary to brain injury, trauma-related or not.
In this new design, any input disturbances present are estimated using an observer.
The proposed controller has ability to vary closed-loop system damping characteristics according to uncertainties and load disturbances present in the system.
This information is used to characterize the filtering effects of the disturbance rejection transfer function that determines the lateral tape motion and disturbances present in the position error signal.
However, a methodology to address the problem in wind engineering arising from stochastic disturbances present in both the measurement and state equations, and unknown process and noise covariances arising due to ambient excitations, is presented for the first time.
The use of an efficient coding system in the transmitter as error-correcting codes is essential in order to fight disturbances present on the transmission channel.
with χ ∈ C. Note that, in general, χ depends on all disturbances present in the TX and RX chains of the considered pair of transceivers [14], and its variations occur at a period much larger than the coherence time of the considered channels.
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