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Exact(4)
Indeed, some go even further, arguing that the distributive decisions arising through the legitimate application of particular democratic processes might even, at least in part, constitute distributive justice (Walzer 1984).
With a couple of notable exceptions (London 2009; WHO 2009), there is little consideration paid to the process es) by which we might gather scientifically robust evidence to support these distributive decisions.
Proponents of procedural justice stress the importance of establishing fair procedures for resolving disagreements about the fair allocation of resources (Gutmann and Thompson 1997; Daniels 2000), ensuring that individuals who are affected by distributive decisions are adequately represented, and implementing distributive policies in a non-coercive manner (Ruger 2006).
As in the PTO movements on a health scale rather than distinct health states are presented, and it thus explicitly focuses on changes in health, the PTO seems to capture some of the factors that researchers have found to be important for the public in distributive decisions.
Similar(56)
While an increasing body of evidence suggests that various aspects of colony organization in social insects contributes to the overall colony success [22], [23], distributive decision-making processes could be equally adaptive in other groups [24], [25].
Conversely, if benefits stem from a distributive decision-making system, as is the case in many social groups without a prominent central individual [24], [25], selection will favor low centrality at the group level, even though it might be beneficial for individuals to be personally central.
The legitimacy of decision-making in health refers to the use of "generally considered fair conditions for distributive decision-making in health" [ 38- 40] corresponding to "the belief that authorities, institutions, and social arrangements are appropriate, proper, and just" [ 40].
Groups of social animals may be organized so as to maximize the centralized [35] or distributive, consensual decision-making processes [25].
These three dimensions correspond with the main concepts in justice theory: procedural justice (dealing with decision making procedures), interactional justice (dealing with interpersonal behaviour) and distributive justice (dealing with decision outcomes) [ 15].
This example could reflect situations in which the benefits of having only a few individuals that act as 'brokers' within or between groups [2] is contrasted with distributive information processing through consensus decisions [24], [25].
Often the moral evaluation being employed is not that controversial but suppressing that there are always moral arguments at play has had the effect of creating misconceptions about the role of distributive justice arguments in economic decision-making.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com