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As we will see, the above scenario puts much emphasis on the total amount of work done, downplaying the distribution over tasks.
Task specialization and an adequate worker distribution over tasks are not controlled by a central agency but emerge through self-organization from the interactions of workers with their environment and nestmates.
However, the conditions under which division of labor evolves depend on the strength of selection on the two fitness components considered: amount of work performed and on worker distribution over tasks.
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Such an open architecture can overcome the constraint of the threshold model that only specific worker distributions over tasks are feasible.
We have shown that, at stimulus equilibrium, the distribution of workers over tasks is not governed by the distribution of thresholds in the population, but by the parameters of the stimulus dynamics.
First, when placed under the same stimulus conditions, colonies with different distributions of thresholds should eventually produce the same distribution of workers over tasks.
Even when selection on a particular distribution of workers over tasks is strong, the response threshold mechanism does not easily evolve a worker distribution that differs from the requirements imposed by the stimulus dynamics parameters.
Interestingly, the same fitness scenario (Eq. 5) that induced task specialization in the absence of switching costs (for the case β = 0.75, favoring a biased distribution of workers over tasks) prevented task specialization even in case of high switching costs when a 1 1 work distribution was optimal (β = 0.5).
We also test the ability of the response threshold model to generate an adaptive distribution of workers over tasks.
The distribution of workers over tasks is also crucial since it should be adequate to the colony's needs (Gordon 1996).
Using a fitness function that gives high priority to the distribution of workers over tasks produced different results than our standard fitness scenario.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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