This heterogeneity which is a hallmark of paralimbic (mesocortical) parts of the brain, indicates neither a chaotic organization nor a haphazard distribution of behavioral specialization.
The distribution probability distributions are linked to the degree of specialization or flexibility of the given network topology.
However, as far as we know, empirical evidence for the importance of heterogeneity in the distribution of hosts on parasite specialization does not exist in the literature, and, therefore, our results are the first to support this hypothetical relationship.
A will be shown below, this distribution is correlated with the degree of specialization or flexibility of each motif, by taking into account the different likelihood to perform any function.
Next to measuring productive efficiency, we look for specific patterns in efficiency distributions over universities, years and areas of specialization.
Diversity (Hj) is measured by an adaptation of Shannon's formula for entropy of a transcriptome's frequency distribution, while specialization (δj) is estimated as the average specificity of the genes expressed in each organ [ 44].
The paradigm shift from organization-centered to managed care and on to personal health settings increases specialization and distribution of actors and services related to the health of patients or even citizens before becoming patients.
This indicates that the distribution of thresholds is key to the emergence of specialization.
Hence, in contrast to the other fitness function, the selective pressure on work distribution functions as an obstacle to the evolution of specialization.
Interestingly, the same fitness scenario (Eq. 5) that induced task specialization in the absence of switching costs (for the case β = 0.75, favoring a biased distribution of workers over tasks) prevented task specialization even in case of high switching costs when a 1 1 work distribution was optimal (β = 0.5).
