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In a cooperative game (that is, one in which players communicate and, most important, make binding agreements) in which the payoff must be distributed among players who have made unequal contributions, the Shapley value determines the fairest distribution of payoffs.
For example, players may be taken to be willing to make trade-offs between the magnitudes of their own payoffs and inequalities in the distribution of payoffs among the players.
I introduce another economy that has, compared to the no-tax economy, equal utility functions of agents (u_i(cdot )), equal impatience factors (beta _i), and an equal (pre-tax) distribution of payoffs of financial assets (mathbf {X}).
To measure the distribution of payoffs in the population, we use the Gini coefficient [43].
We measure the distribution of payoffs
The final four variables in panel [A] of Table 4 consider the magnitude and distribution of payoffs in a game in different ways.
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The distribution of payoff is described as a binding contract between the players, and various criteria have been developed.
We study two substantively different ways of extending quantal response equilibrium (QRE) to this setting: (1) Heterogeneus QRE, where players share identical correct beliefs about the distribution of payoff responsiveness; and (2) Truncated QRE, where players have downward looking beliefs, systematically underestimating others' responsiveness.
Addressing the determinants of textbook-rationality (of playing and expecting equilibrium strategies) we note that the complexity of a game and the distributions of payoffs in equilibrium have an important impact.
How does it shift the political equilibrium?One possibility is that it changes the distribution of expected payoffs to all the players involved.
Coalitional games aim at identifying the best coalitions of the agents and a fair distribution of the payoff among the agents.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com