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Fig. 1 Distribution of patent applications under PCT by country for 2010.
The usual method of calculating the regional distribution of patent counts – not only in Germany but in many countries all over the world – is to assign the patents to districts by inventors' residential addresses.
The distribution of patent value from these records is highly skew, with the vast majority of the returns earned by a select set of high valued patents, consistent with finding for other measures of patent value.
The distribution of patent applications on health products submitted by various German PROs in 10 years is shown in Figure 2. Universities and university-affiliated institutions submitted almost half (48%) of all PRO patent applications.
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Second, the distribution of patents among different demand segments is highly uneven.
The distribution of patents among the IPC International Patent Classs) mirrors the characteristics of assignees and inventors covering a wide spectrum of sectors.
Table 1 Distribution of patents (by ownership) Period 2000 2005 2006–2011 Academic patents (total)a 73 94 Owned by University 6 14 Firm or PROs 52 65 Co-assigned 15 9 aThe six patents where assignees are only inventors are not counted.
Although the distribution of patents shows an emphasis on active components, the high number of patents covering more than one value chain step points towards the tendency of considering the whole value chain in systemic research approaches.
Some characteristics are shared with developed countries: (a) domestic firms as the major patentees; (b) according to firm size, there is a U-shaped distribution of patents; (c) evidences of multi-technology large firms; (d) a relatively small share of firms have more than one patent in the whole period.
Temporal and spatial distribution of environmental patents was analyzed to identify innovation capability of environmental technologies in China.
We have observed the distributions of confirmation patent claims when the known interactions were determined by the average, maximum and sum strategies applied over the similarities returned by the VSM.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com