In fact, system level considerations are leading to the convergence of electricity tariff and renewable energy policy design as the adoption of distributed renewables is increasingly impacting electricity system costs as well as the distribution of expenses among electricity market rate-payers [26].
In the following, we examine how the real distribution of expenses and income is perceived by the households against the background of differing levels of inequality aversion within society, i.e. how society assesses the distribution of income and expenditures against their normative perception of inequality.
Figure 1 shows the distribution of expenses incurred during an episode of care for services received at a health facility, before and after the intervention's implementation.
Fresh evidence was provided on the impact of the user fees removal, taking into consideration the distinctive distribution of health expenses and the hierarchical structure of the data.
Figure 1 shows a box-and-whisker plot of the distribution of pharmaceutical expenses, by immigrant and autochthonous patients, over a six-month period.
However, in Dori, where there is a full exemption as well, the box plot shows a large distribution of medical expenses.
Before the intervention, the distribution of healthcare expenses already showed a large number of observations with a count of zero, since in many episodes there was no payment made for services or medications (for example, in cases of self-medication).
In Djibo, the partial exemption district, the distribution of total medical expenses appears systematically higher than the "fixed price" of 900 F CFA.
It exhibits improved SINM (static current noise margin) distribution at the expense of 1.6× lower WTI (write trip current).
It offers 1.3× improvements in TRA (read access time) distribution at the expense of 1.2× penalty in read delay.
The project did not reach high-income communities and it focussed a lot on condom distribution, at the expense of information dissemination, especially on lifeskills.
