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Hence this provides a distribution of expected values considering possible outcomes of the experiment.
To evaluate the statistical significance of estimated overlaps, observed overlap values were compared with a distribution of expected values based on simulations of a null model.
The distribution analysis indicated an observed distribution in the B. siculus clade that was unimodal and visually congruent with the distribution of expected values for a sudden population expansion, although not quite statistically significant.
While this might indicate unusually slow diversification in this clade compared to other Banksia clades of similar age, the 95% highest posterior distribution (HPD) of the crown age estimates largely overlaps the distribution of expected values, so this cannot be considered a significant departure from the expected distribution.
For the larger of the non-SWBP clades, the median crown age estimate lies in the upper tail of the distribution of expected values (the upper circle in Figure 4).
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The observed value always lies outside the distribution of the expected values.
The distributions of the expected values in the five mouse datasets were almost the same (Table 3).
The distributions of the expected values in the five mouse datasets were almost the same (Table 3), suggesting that differences in microarrays were not significant.
In this case, the expected fitness of individuals with a particular phenotype will itself vary over time, so the total fitness distribution of an individual will be a function of both the distribution of expected fitness values, given its phenotype, and the distribution of variation around this expected value due to demographic stochasticity.
A Quantile-Quantile Plot (Q-Q plot) is shown in Figure 2. By comparing the distribution of observed P values against the theoretical model distribution of expected P values, Q-Q plots are used in genome wide association studies to assess the inflation of false positive rates [19].
The distributions and expected values of the blackout size are assessed for the whole system as well as for each area.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com