Because the control and peritonitis groups differed in variance, and because some of the measurements were not normally distributed, differences between the control and peritonitis group for the same time point were tested by applying the Welch test to the ranked data.
If all species were universally distributed, differences among ethnobiological inventories would reflect only cultural variation; that is, how and/or if a given species were nomenclaturally recognized would depend only on its specific cultural value.
Too often policy ideas about inequality are dominated either by a focus on income inequalities, which tends to assume that everyone is the same apart from some randomly distributed differences in income (missing out the ethnicity, geography or gender that are the source of income differences), or by lobbies for different groups: disabled people, ethnic minorities, women-headed households, etc.
While we expected outcome variables to be normally distributed, differences between parametric and non-parametric testing would alert us to cases where this may not be true.
How can a nonparametric test targeting the spread of data be constructed when the assumption of normally distributed differences does not hold?
Under the assumption of normally distributed differences, the statistical test procedure follows standard theory and has a natural link to the commonly used Bland-Altman limits of agreement.
Referring to the CoV {skewness} of the CHTn, Figs. 5b, c, 6b, c, and 7b, c show important differences between the case when the UST is hyper-exponential and the case when the UST is hyper-Erlang distributed (differences up to 12.75 and 15.20% are observed for the CoV and Sk, respectively).
Some significant but randomly distributed differences were reported among transgenic plants, tissue-cultured plants, and wild types, but none of these could be attributable to a specific construct.
We have compared sleep restriction and recovery values to baseline values by applying paired t-tests for normally distributed differences and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests for differences that were not normally distributed.
To do so, we used long oligonucleotides, which increased our ability to detect signal from genomic DNA and leveraged the abundance of frequent and widely distributed differences in DNA sequences between haplotypes as molecular markers.
