Within a given social context, children may be more or less likely to suffer from psychological distress (or to develop resilience) depending on "moderating" factors such as their sex, age, nature, social background, and form and timing of parental loss.
In addition, some patients with persistent distress go on to develop a psychiatric disorder, notably major depression or anxiety disorder, based on specific vulnerabilities.
For this particular group, it is important to identify reasons for the stable high school absence, such as stable emotional distress [ 11], and to develop specific school-based interventions incorporating interventions to decrease emotional distress and school absence [ 22].
The NCCN has worked to develop distress screening and treatment guidelines, as outlined in the introduction, but the challenge now is to facilitate the implementation of screening and triage into routine clinical care.
A better understanding of symptomatic causes of distress will allow clinicians to develop strategies to manage these symptoms to improve quality of life, adherence to therapy, and potentially survival outcomes for women with breast cancer.
In fact, the babies delivered by C-section were 30 percent more likely to develop respiratory distress syndrome, a serious breathing disorder that can lead to organ damage and that is more common in premature infants, Dr. Werner and colleagues from Brown and Yale Universities found.
Nevertheless, several studies suggest that the genetic predisposition to develop bodily distress is different from that of developing mental disorders [ 48, 53, 70, 71].
Thus, people that are vulnerable and/or predisposed to develop mental distress may tend to select each other as partners, and may be exposed to the same negative life events or to mutual influence.
Because it is well known that people with perceived stigma may have a low self-image and be socially isolated and predisposed to develop psychological distress (32), further research is needed in this area with a large sample size and strong epidemiological study designs.
According to the most widely utilized model [ 5], PTG is related to posttraumatic stress and depression because some level of psychological distress is necessary for PTG to develop, an assertion which has been supported by previous research on disaster survivors [ 6].
It appears that women at risk of psychosocial distress who are also likely to develop pregnancy-induced medical conditions suggested the same etiologic entities with common terminal pathways for medically indicated and spontaneous preterm labor without premature rupture of chorioamniotic membranes [ 46, 93, 108– 108].
