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In particular, it corresponds to just noticeable distortion collected evaluated for the 90% of subjects.
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The main difficulty to apply rate-distortion optimization once the codestream is constructed is that rate-distortion statistics collected during the encoding process are no longer available.
None of the rate-distortion optimization methods and techniques employed during encoding time can be used once the codestream is already constructed, since neither the rate-distortion statistics collected during the encoding process, nor the lengths of individual coding passes are available.
With the first-pass collected rate and distortion information and the built model of scene complexity, the encoder can determine the expected distortion which could be achieved in the second-pass encoding under the target bit rate.
In addition, field maps were collected for subsequent distortion correction.
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were collected to evaluate active cochlear amplification by outer hair cells (OHCs).
Wasteful public spending is sustained by growth-retarding taxes; taxes can continue to be collected once intra-European "distortions" in tax codes have been ironed out.
Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were collected in the ear canal using a microphone.
A field map with the same resolution as the EPI sequence was collected to correct for geometric distortion due to B0 field inhomogeneities.
Note that this customized EPI template minimizes spurious geometric distortions during spatial normalization of EPI datasets collected at 4-Tesla and TE = 20 ms. An 8-mm full-with-half-maximum (FWHM) Gaussian kernel was used for spatial smoothing.
In addition, reversed phase-encode blip images will also be collected to correct for susceptibility distortions in the spin-echo DWI images [ 76].
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