In order to create the distorted marks, they defined six different distortion categories.
The proposed method is general-purpose, and is able to assess the image quality across various distortion categories.
Other than the category distortions, a big problem with Morningstar rankings and rankings by Forbes or any other organization is that they are of necessity backward looking.
Equation (3) is well suited to the prediction of distortions in the slow category (of temporally localized distortions) while (4) is well suited for the prediction of distortions in the fast category.
Within the objective test group, in which an artificial situation is created to observe the subject's behaviour, the author created the category of distortion or bad perception tests, which measure an unusual perception and a particular meaning of a real, objective fact that included projective techniques.
The "slow" category causes distortions that are typically described as "fluttering" and "babble" while the rapid category causes distortions that elicit "raspy" and "crackling" types of responses from listeners.
Performance is scored as described in the test manual [ 57] with two generated outcomes; 1. the total number of correctly reproduced designs (0 10), and 2. the total number of errors produced (0 10) that fall under six categories: distortions, rotations, omissions, preservations, size, and misplacements.
Asymmetry and distortion (elements of the rest category 'other') were also observed more frequently.
In the study, sex categories were thus excluded as there were only 3 females, which led to a distortion of the MCA graph (the category "women" representing an outlier that was too far from the origin).
Another category of possible distortions is that of global geometric attacks.
