Among the factors of interest, rodent age and sex are known to distinguish cohorts of high seroprevalence in the wild (16, 17).
The AccuTnI™ assay possesses sufficient test performance for use with canine plasma and can distinguish a cohort of dogs with heart disease from a cohort of healthy controls.
The limitations of the quantitative analyses (e.g., strong reliance on differences between age groups, which complicates distinguishing between cohort and period effects) are aptly acknowledged throughout this book.
However, Borjas (1985: 482) suggests that cross-sectional studies of wage assimilation, such as Kalmijn (1996) and others that dominate the black immigrant assimilation literature, do not carefully distinguish between cohort, duration, and period effects; therefore, these studies may not yield valid inferences on the ability of immigrants to assimilate into the US labor market.
Furthermore, it has been difficult to distinguish which cohort of newly synthesized polypeptides serve as precursors for antigen processing versus those with normal biological functions [18], [19].
It is therefore impossible for us to distinguish between cohort and age effects.
Once the techniques applied generated a unique resulting combination, it was then possible to distinguish a cohort from all others available in the repository and to consider authentication complete for that strain.
Second, effects of the length of residence can be difficult to distinguish from cohort effects and the effect of the age at immigration; however, the associations found remained when controlling for these factors.
In contrast to this conclusion, however, Frasor and colleagues have shown that the expression of 60 genes with a more than additive upregulation by ER and NFκB (vide supra) distinguishes a cohort of patients with poor outcome following endocrine treatment [ 66].
Avidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (AvF) binding to the biotin-labeled cells distinguished the starting cohort of mother cells from daughter cells.
PCA also revealed clustering of the groups; PLS-DA modeling was able to distinguish the cohorts [ 86].
