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In this CGH comparison, gains and losses cannot be distinguished, as the reference sample is arbitrarily set (e.g., a loss detected in the "test" sample might equally well be a gain in the "reference" sample).
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Common polymorphisms and rare variants are distinguished relative to the reference genome.
In particular, the B73 parental inbred line will be denoted here as "B73-SSA" (Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna) as to distinguish it from the reference B73 inbred line also included in this study as a reference control.
But it wasn't until the development of thermodynamics that heating was distinguished as a process from the property or quality of being warm without reference to a transferred substance.
Olton et al. (1979) adopted terminology used by Honig (1978) to suggest that spatial working memory could be distinguished as a separate process from spatial reference memory.
Using whole-body BMD as the reference to distinguish subjects with normal and low bone mass status, a ROC curve showed an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.99; P < 0.001).
Because the policies all expanded geographically over time, we take the earliest adoption year as the reference for distinguishing a pre- versus post-treatment period.
An equal number of non- Dlk1/Gtl2 microRNAs was randomly selected and used as the reference for distinguishing effects specific to the microRNA cluster within this imprinted region (list of mature microRNAs: see Additional file 1).
Migaleddu et al. [18], using the same criteria as Serra et al., had a sensitivity and specificity of 93.5% and 93.7%, respectively, in distinguishing active and inactive disease according to endoscopy/biopsy as the reference standard.
This is the largest prospective study, with colonoscopy as the reference standard, to highlight the identification and use of metabolomics to distinguish between individuals with colonic adenomatous polyps and those without.
This LC perspective as well as the reference to the so-called functional unit (fU) distinguishes LCA and LCC from other existing environmental and economic assessment methods.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com