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However, parsimony methods fail to distinguish parallel deletions and insertions on multiple branches [ 9- 11].
The principle of Dollo parsimony was applied to the set of introns to distinguish parallel intron losses from intron gains.
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Two different types of harmonic resonances should be distinguished: parallel resonances and series resonances [18, 23, 25].
Various approaches to distinguishing parallel and serial processing have been proposed, but many do not satisfactorily address the mimicking dilemma between serial and parallel classes of models.
An important consequence of these results is that comparison of LVA and HyA isotopomers from two separate metabolic flux analytes (protein hydrolysate and starch hydrolysate) from the same plant tissue can distinguish between parallel glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways in different subcellular compartments.
Thus, in reviewing these three themes, we distinguish the parallel concerns of participants and researchers within each theme.
Given that different cell lines have different amplitude of response to cytokine stimulation, we asked whether the inducibility of IRF-1 by IFN- γ and TNF- α was able to distinguish a parallel different behaviour of cancer cells.
FTIR has been used to distinguish between parallel and antiparallel β-sheets by the presence of the longer wavenumber band at 1695 cm−1 [ 38], but the reliability of this interpretation is still a matter of debate [ 37] and so here we interpret the FTIR only in terms of the presence of β-sheet conformation.
Our data indicate that it is possible to distinguish near-parallel insertions as long as they occur more than 25 bp from each other (fig. 2), or are in opposing orientations.
Distinguishing between parallel and convergent evolution is important because each implies a pathway underlying the evolutionary change (character evolution).
These vectors are graphed, and their directions are compared to distinguish convergent and parallel patterns.
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