Finally, it is also possible that some of the loci reported had a basal copy number that is too high to be correctly measured by MLPA, that is known to reliably distinguish copy numbers between zero and five copies [43], [45], but its sensitivity greatly decreases when higher copy numbers are measured.
Here, we assumed that the cellular DNA was homogeneous and wished to have the power to distinguish copy number 3 from 2 at a p-value better than 0.001 assuming the described error model.
It is difficult, for example, to distinguish "copies" from "original" information.
"Under" can logically mean "in accordance with". And a nongeographical interpretation provides each word in the phrase "lawfully made under this title" with a distinct purpose: "lawfully made" suggests an effort to distinguish copies that were made lawfully from those that were not, and "under this title" sets forth the standard of "lawful[ness]" (i.e., the U. S. Copyright Act).
If this overlap was at least 200 bps it could reliably be used to distinguish copies.
Southern blot may fail to accurately assess the exact number of copies due to DNA alterations and/or loss of restriction site, or to distinguish copies that are situated closely together (in particular linked copies) [ 2].
The early laws distinguished "copying" from "printing," "reprinting," and "publishing," and provided that the copyright in books is infringed by "printing," "reprinting" and "publishing" while the copyright in other works (e. g., photographs, paintings, drawings, etc). is infringed by "copying". The 1909 Copyright Act obliterated any such distinction.
Standardized procedures for DNA isolation, primer design, primer selection and real-time PCR resulted in a method that is able to reliably distinguish single copy from low to high copy number plants, which can be done as early as the T0 generation.
On the one hand, even though we can crudely assess the time when the duplication event happened, in most cases it doesn't make sense to distinguish which copy is the ancestral one and which copy is the created one from this duplication [ 45].
At high copy numbers the level of relative precision required to distinguish integer copy number states with accuracy may simply be beyond the capabilities of real-time PCR, however carefully it is performed [ 14, 19].
We use smoothed intensity data from multiple samples to distinguish meaningful copy number change signal from random background signal, an approach similar in spirit to the one described in Beroukhim et al [15].
