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A reverse transcriptase PCR assay demonstrated that the expression patterns of MrToll were distinctly modulated after Aeromonas caviae stimulation, with significant enhancement at 3 12 h post-challenge and a decline to basal levels at 24 h post-challenge.
Furthermore, microarray analysis of polysomal RNA revealed that EtOH and INK128, through differential inhibition of the mTOR pathway, distinctly modulated the DLBCL translatome.
We postulated that the effects of TNF-α or IGF1 treatment on miRNA expression are distinctly modulated by MAPK/ERK activity.
Several genes, some of them relevant for bone formation, were distinctly modulated by C-VSMCs which did not necessarily lose their smooth muscle cell markers while calcifying.
More studies are needed to define the exact role of each of these genes and most importantly their cross-talk to other signaling pathways [ 43, 44], like the Wnt signaling of which we have identified genes distinctly modulated between C-VSMCs and osteoblasts (e.g. SOST).
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It is clear that the amount of calories consumed affects the gene expression profile, which distinctly modulates senemorphosis in most species (species that respond to CR).
In addition, differences in the availability of niche-specific Wnt agonists and antagonists might distinctly modulate CSC self-renewal and differentiation in different cancer types.
We propose that IL-10 and LPS-stimulated macrophages distinctly modulate gastric and colorectal cancer cell behaviour, as result of distinct proteolytic profiles that impact cell invasion and angiogenesis.
Intriguingly, almost 80% of the genes did not overlap between the two treatments, indicating that EtOH and INK128 exposure distinctly modulate the DLBCL translatome while confirming a previous study which detailed distinct translational profiles with different mTOR inhibitors [ 48].
Loss of Fra-1 leads to the enhanced expression of genes regulating inflammation and immune responses and decreased the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, suggesting that this transcription factor distinctly modulates early pro-fibrotic cellular responses.
Our findings further establish that although the end result of mTOR inhibition is a global decrease in protein synthesis, differential inhibition of mTOR signal transduction may distinctly modulate translation of specific subsets of mRNAs that control the key cellular processes responsible for cell fate.
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