The classical distinction between data, meta-data, information, knowledge and meta-knowledge is simplified by our subscription to the unified view of Algorithmic Information Theory (AIT) [ 4] which recasts all knowledge modalities and their processing into a general framework requiring a Universal Turing Machine, its programs and data represented as finite binary sequences.
This reclassification reflects the dilution of the distinction between data management and data analysis that is apparent even in an introduction as brief as this one.
[2] Interested readers will find in that paper a discussion about the potential for community self-deception when the distinction between data and the interpretation of data becomes blurred.
This points to the critical distinction between data which is kept confidential versus data that is truly anonymous.
In an effort to clarify the terminology, Callaghan et al. (2012) draw a distinction between data that has been shared, published (lower-case "p"), or Published (upper-case "P"): shared data is available, published data is available and citable, and Published data is available, citable, and validated.
He also attempts to create a legal distinction between data being "processed" (i.e. access being granted by the Trust to DeepMind as the data processor) and specific patient data being accessed by someone using the Streams app — i.e. at the point of patient care occurring.
Many of those troubled loans, which stem from subprime mortgages, have earned Springfield Gardens and its surroundings a dubious distinction, housing data reveal: one of the most foreclosure-racked parts in the city.
The president must end this war in the net, which deprives us of civil liberties under the guise of depriving foreign bad people of sanctuary A great deal of confusion has been created by the distinction between data and metadata, as though there were a difference and spying on metadata were less serious.
Finally and most important, making a distinction between data blocks and redundant blocks and using redundant blocks only when necessary is shown to substantially reduce required buffer sizes without giving up the benefits.
Much of the high variability was attributable to probes called Absent in all 105 samples (Figure 3, inset), an important distinction since data for all-Absent probes were removed in any further analyses.
