Molecular characterization of Pi2, Pi9, Piz-t and Pi50 revealed that a limited number of sequence variations disproportionately confined within the LRR regions of the encoded R proteins mainly determined the distinct recognition specificities of these alleles to different sets of rice blast isolates (Su et al. 2015; Zhou et al. 2006; Qu et al. 2006).
10.7554/eLife.04986.012 Figure 5. RRMs of U1-A and U1-70k show distinct recognition modes of stem-loop I and II.
The presence of duplex and quadruplex elements in our final structures results in distinct recognition sites for incorporation of additional elements[53].
Similarly, the evolution of cue-dependent cooperation is constrained if only a small number of distinct recognition alleles can exist [ 17], but disassortative mating allows cooperation to invade for smaller numbers of alleles.
These cells also allowed rigorous in vivo dissection of the distinct recognition modules within CENP-A and emphasise their two distinct roles in CENP-A propagation at a specific location and the assembly of kinetochores at that site.
Defence activation requires pathogen detection, which can occur outside or inside the plant cell, by one of two known distinct recognition mechanisms [ 2- 4].
On re-assessing the taxonomy of the two forms we find them to be morphologically and genetically distinct, warranting the recognition of the taxa formerly designated as subspecies; Ceratotherium simum simum the southern form and Ceratotherium simum cottoni the northern form, as two distinct species Ceratotherium simum and Ceratotherium cottoni respectively.
ERAD can be divided into distinct steps, including recognition of the misfolded protein, transport and translocation of the ERAD substrate into the cytosol and finally degradation by the proteasome.
Our results indicate that at least two distinct mechanisms allow recognition of K. pneumoniae bacteria by Dictyostelium, one sensing the folate produced by bacteria, the other one responding to bacterial capsule.
Where the Altaic languages are concerned, recognition of distinct languages has sometimes been manipulated for political purposes, as have the numbers of their speakers.
