Breast cancer patients can be divided into five distinct molecular subtypes based on their expression profiles [ 4].
Prostate cancer (PC) can be stratified into distinct molecular subtypes based on TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion status, but its potential prognostic value remains controversial.
Similarly, a recent protein array study demonstrated that juvenile arthritis patients can be stratified into distinct molecular subtypes based on the expression of antibody signatures [ 17].
Recently Curtis et al. proposed a further subdivision into ten distinct molecular groups based on both expression and copy number [ 4].
If canine lung tumors could be classified into distinct molecular subsets based on genomic alterations, use of targeted therapies may improve clinical outcomes.
Recent evidence suggests that histologically similar lung tumors harbor distinct molecular profiles based on smoking status, and that these alterations underlie observed clinical disparities between lung tumors in smokers and NS [ 3].
For this initial test, we selected for samples that were assigned to two distinct molecular clusters based on the FF expression data (Cluster 9 (n=5) and Cluster 18 (n=6); Gravendeel et al, 2009).
Related work [ 3, 15, 16] has identified five distinct molecular-based subtypes (the PAM50 subtypes): Basal, Her2, Luminal A, Luminal B and Normal-like breast tumours.
A seminal study by Perou et al (2000) identified four distinct molecular breast cancer groups based on gene expression profiles: luminal epithelial/oestrogen receptor (ER) positive, c-erb-B2 (HER2) positive, basal-like and normal breast-like.
Their results delineated three tumor classes with distinct molecular and clinical features based on HPV16 DNA presence and p16 expression status: HPV16 nonexpressingnonexpressing (class I), HPV16 positive/p16 nonexpressing (class II), and HPV16 positivexpressingessing (class III) oropharyngeal tumors.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogens based on distinct molecular signatures.
