Suppose there is a table, c, that is originally made from matter n according to some plan p. As time goes by, c undergoes various repairs until finally it is constituted by matter that is wholly distinct from the matter from which it was originally constituted.
It follows from this, according to this argument, that mind is distinct from matter and that only an immaterial being or substance is capable of thought and consciousness.
Although Spinoza generally accepted Descartes's physics, he rejected Cartesian metaphysics, objecting to three features: the transcendence of God, the conception of mind as a "mental substance" radically distinct from matter (see mind-body dualism), and the ascription of free will both to God and to human beings.
This final doctrine, of the reality of spacetime with its component points or regions, distinct from matter, with geometric properties, is what we earlier identified as 'substantivalism'substantivalism
Since he also assumed that God created the universe, and since motive force was an extra property that is really distinct from matter, he concluded that 'God is the first, universal and total cause of motion' (ibid).
This argument moves from the fact that he can doubt the existence of the material world, but cannot doubt the existence of himself as a thinking thing, to the conclusion that his thoughts belong to a nonspatial substance that is distinct from matter.
They speak in slow, distinct voices on matters from shifting €65 million in Swiss bank accounts to overseas banks beyond the reach of French tax authorities to writing out checks to local politicians because "you need friends".
Due to distinct photosynthetic processes, the decomposed organic matter from the cultivation of maize can be distinguished from SOM derived from native forest detritus.
It has been predicted that the ideal G-ratio should be 0.6 [ 55] and we found in our LBC1936 samples that G-ratios from distinct white matter regions were remarkably close to this figure.
Isotopic signatures of particulate organic matter from lakes and rivers were distinct from their counterparts in oceanic influenced stations.
