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From the distinct exchange rate of the two substrate water molecules, Wf (fast-exchanging water) and Ws (slow-exchanging water), at each S-state, as well as currently available structural information and the EPR results, Messinger et al. suggested that Wf is the bridging oxygen, O5, which reacts with a terminal oxyl radical formed in the S4 state that is bound to either Mn1 or Mn4.
While two distinct exchange sites were proposed by Zachara et al. [Geochim. Cosmochim.
Most certainly, the multiple exchange processes do complicate assignment of residues to distinct exchange events.
Recently, our group established a method for rapid screening of proteins with distinct exchange kinetics in the corona using ultracentrifugation and flow field-flow fractionation (F4).
Figure 8 and Table 2 summarize the criteria used for separating residues into distinct exchange processes and Figure 8 further indicates what residues were subsequently used as constraints in structure calculations (see below).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07296.016 The presence of at least four distinct exchange processes in apoSOD12SH suggests that the underlying free energy landscape of this protein is rugged.
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The distinct exchanges of question and answer between soloist and orchestra are so seldom that they leap out when they do occur.
And since many states will be constructing their own distinct exchanges, the implementation of the Affordable Care Act should be a boon to scholars, as it will provide a variety of cases for study and comparison, leading to valuable "feedback loops," as Gruber puts it, between policy and research.
The accuracy of distinct exchange-correlation functionals, as implemented in GAUSSIAN09 program package (Frisch, M. J. et al., Wallingford, KY, USA) [60], was first verified by calculations on Ag2 dimer.
One notable finding includes the existence of at least two pools of H1 with distinct DNA exchange rates in 3T3 cells [ 15].
These very detailed experiments revealed, for the first time, that apoSOD12SH undergoes at least 4 distinct conformational exchange processes, three of which involve protein dimerization and the other one an intramolecular helix folding transition.
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