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Cells set distinct checkpoint systems for growth and division.
Indeed this is used to distinguish BubR1 from the related, but functionally distinct, checkpoint component Bub1p [34].
Indeed, it has been reported that a particular set of chk1 mutants can distinguish between lesions induced in G2 phase and structures generated by collapsed replication forks, and that these signal distinct checkpoint responses [28].
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Whether they are two distinct checkpoints or one checkpoint activated by different replication stresses is somewhat of a semantic question.
Each of these complexes control distinct checkpoints at G1- and S-phase by regulating the ordered of expression of the cyclins that ultimately drive the progression of the cell cycle.
Combined immunotherapies where Abs against distinct immune checkpoint molecules are combined, or immune checkpoint blockade is combined with non-immunotherapies, including chemotherapies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and irradiation therapy, should be explored to further augment therapeutic efficacies.
It has recently become clear that a large proportion of newly produced B cells bear surface immunoglobulin that have some degree of self-reactivity (including environmental and autoantigens), and that these cells are normally eliminated at one of two distinct developmental checkpoints [ 48].
Our gene expression landscape showed two distinct modules (mitotic checkpoint and mitotic progression) that both contained genes related to central mitotic processes.
Distinct DNA damage checkpoints can delay specific phases of the cell cycle and this extra time window allows a cell to repair or transiently tolerate DNA damage.
Thus, delay of γH2AX resolution by TFP impaired the recovery of U1810 cells from two molecularly distinct cell-cycle checkpoints triggered by different DNA lesions that is DNA DSBs versus ICLs.
There are two molecularly and temporally distinct G2-M checkpoints: one of these is fast and enforces the arrest of cells that were in late S or early G2 at the time they incur DNA damage, while the other is delayed and arrests cells that were in G1 when they sustained DNA damage.
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