Recent acquisitions are distant from the hosts in terms of DNA composition; they therefore have a darker colour.
When the true distance to the nearest host falls within these limits, the slavemaker is neither closer to nor more distant from the hosts than randomly expected.
Our detection of a mimiviral ORF phylogenetically related to homologues from Naegleria and Sawyeria strongly supports the hypothesis that Mimivirus can also infect these amoeboid species, even if they are very distant from the hosts, such as Acanthamoeba spp., known up to date.
This virus infects the phagocytic protist Cafeteria roenbergensis, a widespread marine heterotrophe flagellate that belongs to the Chromalveolata phylum and that is therefore phylogenetically very distant from the amoebal host of Mimivirus and Marseillevirus, Acanthamoeba spp; nonetheless, those phagocytic protists graze on bacteria and viruses [1], [8], [18], [19], [20].
Recombination of these phages in host B with another phage able to infect hosts B and C may facilitate transfer of DNA sequences from host A to host C. Host C could be phylogenetically distant from host A and through this mechanism would acquire the DNA sequences from host A. Our results indicate β-lactamase genes in naturally occurring phage particles.
The novel DHCs published by Nichols et al. [ 10] were seen to be present in host tissues distant from the sites of infection and evoke an inflammatory response in vitro [ 9].
In contrast, the non-invasive T47D cells, were never seen in the vasculature of the host fish, nor in tissues distant from the injection site.
As this host was phylogenetically very distant from the other known species targeted by birnaviruses, we revisited the evolutionary pathways within the Birnaviridae family using phylogenetic reconstruction methods.
FhLAP was closely related to Schistosoma LAPs, but interestingly distant from their mammalian host's homologues, and was expressed in all stages of the parasite life cycle.
Genes from the host can be incorporated in viral genomes during recombination or conversely, genes of foreign origin (either from viruses or from distant cellular donors transported in viral genomes) can get inserted into cell genomes.
Among 160 admission isolates of S. aureus for which between-host diversity could be determined, 143 were >100 SNVs distant from the most similar isolate carried by another patient, and for 154 of 160 the minimum SNV difference was >40.
