Two DNA molecules containing similar distance patterns are assembled into a large contig.
Additionally, the distance patterns and the original local features are proven to be complementary to each other.
In addition, it is proved that image representations via coding distance patterns are complementary to the ones from the original coding methods [22].
The main novelty of our method is the incorporation of two discriminative similarity measures based on angular and Euclidean distance patterns in local neighborhoods.
It is verified that the image representations produced by the coding methods based on distance patterns are complementary to the ones from the original coding methods [22].
The goals of this study were to determine the primary area of use, or functional edge, for birds foraging in crop fields adjacent to woody edges, and to evaluate their foraging distance patterns.
The resulting algorithm is based on the Concave Convex Procedure (CCCP) and provides a simple and efficient way of visualizing changes and invariances in distance patterns as a hyperparameter is varied.
Within clusters, gene flow seemed to occur at relatively short distances in all species, based on our finding of high GST values and strong isolation by distance patterns (cf. Schaal et al. 1998) in all but one of the clusters, even those with a relatively narrow geographic distribution (notably O. alta and O. grandiglumis).
To formally validate these patterns, we performed a series of post-hoc randomization analyses to assess the correlation between genetic distance patterns and latitude [24].
Mantel tests revealed significant isolation by distance patterns in North America for both nuclear and chloroplast loci (P = 0.002 and P = 0.049, respectively; Fig. S1A) but not in Europe (P = 0.581 and P = 0.094, respectively; Fig. S1B).
S. o. caurina and P. monticola provided the closest qualitative matches to our simulation results (Fig. 3), as both revealed reduced genetic distance patterns in a northward direction (similar to those produced in simulated northern range expansions).
