Along this distance, no indications of any contralateral extensions were found.
Hence, the presence of an heterogeneous response of migration to shocks to destination and/or origin country's income as a function of distance is an indication of a complementarity (or, potentially, substitution) between income gains and proximity.
Specifically, we consider the current location, the time metadata (hour of the day, day of the week, hour of the week, weekend), a 'home' binary indication, distance from home, call and SMS activity, and Bluetooth proximity.
Additional studies in Lake Malawi in East Africa show significant amounts of ash being deposited from the Toba eruptions, even at that great distance, but little indication of a significant climatic effect in East Africa.
Shuttle distance gives an indication of likely average survival.
The minimum distance provides an indication of the closest food outlet within the shortest distance to the school, which will be the same for both distance buffers if the value is below 400 metres.
Overall mean genetic distance is an indication of the rate of evolution of each marker The maximum likelihood tree obtained with RAxML is shown in Fig. 3 in a summarized view, rendered by collapsing major clades to single terminals.
To determine how this phylogeographic break is maintained, we estimated gene flow among populations in the region, tested for isolation by distance as an indication of larval retention, and reared larvae of the temperate and subtropical lineages at a range of different temperatures.
The coefficient of variation (i.e. the standard deviation divided by the average) of the nearest distances provides an interesting indication about the local distance regularity around each reference point.
