For the above results, we used p-distance (fraction of sites different between two sequences), which has a relatively small estimation variance and is computable for all sequence pairs, unlike more sophisticated distance measures that often fail (e.g. Jukes-Cantor distance for sequence pairs that differ at more than 75% of sites [ 29]).
The distance matrix defined by eq. 1 is used to estimate gene trees for all strategies applied to D p. Given distinct species S i and S j, P ij all represents the p-distance (fraction of nucleotide differences; [ 63]) averaged over pairs of individuals, one from species i and the other from species j.
The quality of the parametric clustering methods in reference to the morphological taxonomy was assessed by counting, for each threshold sequence distance, the fraction of MOTUs corresponding to more than one taxon (lumping fraction), and the fraction of taxa split into more than one MOTUs (splitting fraction).
He shot 45.3 percent from distance — a fraction better than his overall field goal percentage of 45.1 percent, according to NBA.com.
However, at higher Hamming Distances the fraction of stallers in their mutational neighborhood makes them effectively nonviable.
The range of the emitted β-radiation covers distances from fractions of mm to several mm depending on the used radionuclide.
A hiker could have walked that distance in a fraction of the time, but for those who participated, such a pedestrian observation misses the muddy point.
These observations suggest that the slip-weakening distance is a fraction of the total amount of slip, i.e., Dc″ is about 30 50% of the measured total slip.
We calculate partial Mantel correlations [24] (both Spearman and Pearson correlations) between the matrices of network proximity and market similarity while controlling for other proximity matrices given by market sector, geographic distance, board size, fraction of directors with financial expertise, and average stock price in the year (see the Appendix for further details).
The particle surface can intersect the link between two nodes at arbitrary distance and the fraction of an intersected link in the fluid region is Open image in new window Fig. 2 The moving curved wall boundary condition delta = frac{{left| {varvec{x}_{varvec{f}} - varvec{x}_{varvec{w}} } right|}}{{left| {varvec{x}_{varvec{f}} - varvec{x}_{varvec{b}} } right|}} in left( {0,,1} right] (11).
