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Looking over the sensory modalities, it appears as if each sensory receptor is specifically responsive to a different proximal stimulus energy (which, in turn, radiates from a distal stimulus).
In visual perception, a pattern of light hits the eye (the proximal stimulus), and the visual system needs to determine the nature of the visual scene in the environment (the distal stimulus) that caused that pattern.
We have shown that a single distal stimulus (a spinning disk that moves vertically down the screen) produces a perception in the fovea that differs from the perception in the periphery.
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The proximal stimulus is compatible with a number of different distal stimuli.
Results from Experiment 1 confirmed that proximal social stimuli facilitate defensive responses, as indexed by fear-potentiated startle, relative to distal stimuli.
We hypothesized that the valence of social cues scales with egocentric distance, such that proximal social stimuli have more positive or negative valence than distal stimuli.
* Late response: F-waves were recorded following at least 10 distal stimuli to determine minimal F-wave latency or F-wave absence.
The present study provides two types of new information crucial for our understanding of the role psychomotor stimulants and dopamine play in distal stimulus-controlled behavior.
However, it is unclear whether psychomotor stimulants facilitate behavioral interaction with unconditioned distal stimuli.
Therefore, administration of pipradol or methylphenidate may facilitate behavioral interaction with unconditioned visual signals or other salient distal stimuli.
Consistent with this hypothesis, midbrain dopamine neuron activity is increased by both unexpected presentation of unconditioned distal stimuli and conditioned stimuli [25] [27].
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