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The Pt-enriched layer was formed on the surface of Pt M alloys by a selective dissolution treatment of M under immersion condition in the solution.
During the selective dissolution treatment, rest potential Erest of the Pt M alloys approaches to that of pure Pt, indicating the enrichment of Pt on the surface.
It is found that the resultant Sn Co alloy materials after electrochemical dissolution treatment have porous structure and higher specific capacity than those of the as-deposited Sn Co alloy materials.
Three sets of Sn Co alloy materials with improved porous structure are designed and facilely prepared via a two-step strategy comprising of electrodeposition followed by electrochemical dissolution treatment.
This performance improvement can be mainly attributed to the formation of optimized porous structure during electrochemical dissolution treatment, which can buffer the great volume fluctuation of Sn phase during cycling and therefore reduce cracking and shelling of the materials.
Over the ensuing decades, the behavior family therapy principles were applied and adapted to promote children's adjustment to address family formation and adaptation (Family Check-Up model), family disruption and maladaptation (Parent Management Training Oregon model), and family attenuation and dissolution (Treatment Foster Care Oregon model).
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The decayed ORR activity can be recovered by another Fe electrochemical deposition-dissolution treatment, demonstrating the predominant role of Fe leaching in activity degradation as well as the effectiveness of the electrochemical treatment in activity restoration.
The enhancement in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is achieved by the introduction of Fe species via the Fe electrochemical deposition-dissolution treatment into a metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon (P-PI) catalyst, which is prepared by the pyrolysis of polyimide fine particles.
The model results demonstrated that both dissolution (no treatment) and treatment were unable to completely deplete DNAPL mass or boundary mass flux for any of the sites over a 10 year period.
We propose in this paper that the carbon dissolutions during treatment of the catalyst might have an implication on the CNF growth.
The crystallization temperature, Tcc, was obviously influenced by the molecular weight, but also by the carboxyl group content, by the type of residual catalyst, by dissolution-reprecipitation treatments and by re-melting phenomena.
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