Mosquitoes showed dissemination rates ranging from 10.5% (STPIE3) to 37.3% (STDEN) when infected with CHIKV 05.115 and from 80% (STPIE3) to 100% (STPAU1, STPAU2, STPIE1) when infected with CHIKV 06.21.
Considering that the spectrum of the accessibility of research results (dissemination profile) ranges from completely inaccessible to easily accessible, it was suggested that a single term 'dissemination bias' could be used to denote all types of publication and related biases [ 8].
Location of blaNDM-1 on different self-transmissible plasmids could facilitate geographically broad dissemination and host range expansion of the blaNDM-1 gene via horizontal gene transfer.
Our data point to the fact that the Stx phages themselves directly contribute to the fitness of their lysogens and that it is not simply the carriage of stx genes that provides a selective advantage for the dissemination and host range expansion that has been seen since the first E. coli O157 H7 outbreak in 1982.
The control Ae. aegypti Paea strain showed dissemination rates which ranged from 30.2% to 51.2% for CHIKV 05.115 and from 90.5% to 98% for CHIKV 06.21.
Evidence from other livestock diseases suggests that fast long-range dissemination of infectious diseases can occur through live animal trade at large livestock markets [ 13].
The international distribution of these clones indicates that the clusters of disease are frequently caused by highly successful strains that exhibit enhanced capability for local and long-range dissemination (26 ).
On the other hand, low-grade endometrioid endometrial cancers are consistently found to have a low risk for lymphatic dissemination and recurrence ranging from 0 10%, depending on the presence of other features (Creasman et al, 1987; Morrow et al, 1991; Mariani et al, 2002).
Although SRMB+PACK protocol has been primarily tested on a specific case of safety application (accident reporting), the SRMB+PACK mechanism can be used as a multihop data dissemination mechanism for a range of applications that require high packet delivery and low latency in very dynamic ad hoc networks.
With the dissemination of SPECT/CT, the range of applications has expanded from myocardial perfusion imaging to oncology indications, such as torso imaging in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), differentiated thyroid carcinomas, lymphoma, and sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy [2].
