Disturbingly, the widespread dissemination of the class 1 integron and associated gene cassettes in P. aeruginosa and other clinically important pathogens would gravely complicate treatments of infections in our hospitals if not properly monitored.
Considering the potential for conjugative transfer and dissemination of these Class I plasmids, the large genetic carrying capacity, their propensity to recombine, and the extended host range encoded by repABC lend importance to the study of the evolution and interactions of this group of plasmids, and the bacteria that harbor them.
Three main classes of integrons have been described and are involved in the dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance; class 1 is the most widely found in clinical isolates.
But he did charge three students with dissemination of child pornography, a Class C felony, because they had set off the viral outbreak.
To explore the roles of clonal expansion and horizontal gene transfer in the dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance caused by class 1 integrons, we investigated the integron structure and genetic lineage of 90 MDR nontyphoidal S. enterica isolates from a global collection comprising >1,900 isolates from 13 countries and 6 continents.
In studies on E. coli isolates of human origin, the wide dissemination of dfrA17 in urinary E. coli isolates is due mainly to the horizontal transfer of class 1 integrons, via conjugative plasmids [ 32].
Similarly, horizontal transfer through conjugative plasmids has been reported to be responsible for the wide dissemination of mobile genetic elements (e.g. class 1 integrons) in E. coli isolates from humans and animals [ 6].
The detection of class 2 integron in 63% of all isolates probably portrays its role as a mobile element in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance to SXT and C [ 23].
Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemases (KPCs) are able to hydrolyze the carbapenems, which cause many bacteria resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, so the rapid dissemination of KPCs is worrisome.
9 In particular, school physical education classes represent particularly suitable venues for dissemination of information, discussion, and reflection on healthy habits.
