Increasingly, though, culture is recognised as a direct target, part of a strategy intent on disseminating fear and attracting global media coverage.
Like many other militant organizations, Boko Haram operates on disseminating fear through publicity.
According to Martins, Boko Haram's methods of disseminating fear have proved effective in terrorizing local populations finto submission.
The right information must be disseminated to control fear and panic and prevent stigmatization.
Nonetheless, certain districts still participate in the program, which brings uniformed policemen into classroom to instill fear and disseminate misinformation.
He says he wants to be able to view the documents on his home and office computers and to "print, copy, disseminate and discuss" them without fear of punishment.
What Americans do hear a lot about is erroneous information from a small, but well-funded, interconnected network of Islamophobes who spread fear by diligently disseminating misinformation about Islam, Muslims and American Islamic organizations.
A lawyer handling Mr. Paracha's challenge to his detention, David Remes, has asked the Federal District Court in Washington to let him "print, copy, disseminate and discuss" the documents without fear of losing his security clearance or other punishment.
This is a clear benefit for researchers who want to disseminate their research to peers without fear of breaching copyright laws that bind traditional print journals.
The deep state, historians say, has functioned as a kind of shadow government, disseminating propaganda to whip up public fear or destabilizing civilian governments not to its liking.
