Depression is associated with a range of cognitive (e.g., concentration difficulties), emotional (e.g., feelings of extreme sadness and hopeless), and behavioural (e.g., sleep disruption) symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
The negative impact FM had on patients and the disruption symptoms caused to aspects of daily living are also broadly in line with survey data from other regions [ 17, 19, 20, 22], and reinforce the high burden FM imparts on patients, regardless of region of origin.
These involved profound and long-lived environmental disruption, with symptoms quite similar to today's climate change, such as global warming, rainfall changes, and ocean acidification.
However, cancer, reproductive defects (Bassil et al. 2007), developmental impairment, immunotoxicity (Berrada et al. 2010), birth defects and endocrine disruption are associated symptoms (Longnecker et al., 1997).
Eighty BD subjects (44 depressed and 36 euthymic) completed questionnaires assessing QOL (WHOQOL-BREF), biological rhythm disruption (BRIAN), depressive symptoms (MADRS), and sleep quality (PSQI).
Improved quantification of sleep architecture holds promise for correlating sleep disruption with daytime symptoms and different pathological causes of fragmentation.
In terms of functional change, participants in the ACT group reported significantly less social disruption from their symptoms compared to controls.
Despite these differences in opinions on disruption of FM symptoms, interestingly within Latin America, more physicians (PCPs or specialists) rated that FM had a "Very strong" or "Strong" impact on mood, sex life, and personal relationships than patients themselves, and furthermore matched patient's responses to all other aspects of daily living.
We also found that physical QOL was independently associated with biological rhythm disruption and depressive symptom severity.
Symptoms include disruption of oxygenation, snoring, choking sensations, apneic episodes, poor concentration, memory loss, and daytime somnolence.
The extent to which these symptoms reflect disruption to common versus unique underlying mechanisms remains unclear.
