They've all created spaces for digital disruption, opening data sets and convening citizens to challenge the digital architecture of the city and engage in direct democratic dialogue with officials.
From a practice theoretical perspective, disruptions - temporary breakdowns in the flow of events - are important in understanding the norms, practices and technologies that construct the socially accepted definition of normality[5, 6, 9]: disruptions open up what is actually perceived as normal.
Traditionally, it has been reserved for cases with primary vascular or neural disruption, open fractures, signs of Volkmann's ischemia, failure of closed reduction and severe swelling not allowing acceptable reduction [14, 16, 18, 21, 22, 26].
But huge logistical problems remained, from repairing electrical and telephone disruptions to opening up streets for people to return to lower Manhattan.
A C-terminal loop covers the binding cavity and this "lid" may be opened by disruption of an array of acid-labile hydrogen bonds thus explaining reduced or no binding affinity at low pH.
Disruption Airport open Airport closure, reduced visibility and traction.
Let's welcome the disruption with open arms.
Historically, most disruption from open-source software has occurred pretty low in the software stack.
(iii) Type III, present in CCMP531 and IMET1, encompassed a fragmented petJ- psbV- clpC-I, which differed from that in IRb due to a disruption of open reading frame (Additional file 1: Figure S4).
Additionally, anatomical disruption is minimized, since the conjunctiva is only opened at the desinsertion and reinsertion site.
