Disruption in androgen action during this critical time window results in a number of abnormalities that consistently develop in laboratory animals (e.g., rats and rabbits), including retained female structures, such as nipples in male rodents, and malformations of male reproductive structures, such as hypospadias (an abnormal location of the urethral opening) and cryptorchidism.
The dissimilar changes of nuclear ERα levels in diabetic and ovariectomized animals, and the observation that many diabetic rats are in diestrus (phase of estrous cycle with lowest estrogen level), further support a pathophysiological mechanism that includes disruptions in estrogen action.
Using an instrumental learning task, we present the first direct experimental evidence of a disruption in goal-directed action control in OCD.
Our study goes further in revealing a medial frontal-prefrontal network for awareness and control of voluntary action, with its disruption in CBS leading to low precision of action signals, and the volitional deficits of alien limb and apraxia.
With open source, I can be back in action with minimal disruption.
Labour pointed out that compensation was paid to UK hauliers by the French government for loss of earnings following disruption in the country, including industrial action, in 1996.
The lack of leptin action causes a disruption in energy balance with hyperphagia and decreased energy expenditure, leading to morbid obesity and development of type 2 diabetes.
For example, the SOA Assessment states that "changes in anogenital distance in humans may serve as a valuable biological marker of disruption of androgen action in foetal life," but it does not discuss the debate regarding whether anogenital distance has any relation to ED in humans.
The council has been dogged by internal feuds, and residents have suffered severe disruption in waste collection as workers took strike action.
This study investigated whether the urge to perform compulsive acts is mediated by a disruption in the balance between flexible, goal-directed action control and habitual behavior.
