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Only when the production cost disruption exceeds some thresholds will the decision-maker change the production quantity.
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Disasters are characterized by "disruption exceeding the adjustment capacity of the affected community" [ 80].
A natural disaster may be defined as 'sudden ecological disruption or threat that exceeds the adjustment capacity of the affected community and requires external assistance' (1, 2).
Natural disasters are defined as "a disruption of human ecology which exceeds the community's capacity to adjust, so that outside assistance is needed" (1).
A disaster has been defined as a disruption of human ecology that exceeds the capacity of the community to function normally.
Add to that the extra benefit to consumers of paying slightly less for imported oil and economic gains from being less vulnerable to supply disruptions, and the total benefit exceeds $2.1 trillion.
Apparently, a patient's health-related quality of life is adversely affected when the level of disruption of an individual's circadian organization exceeds a threshold [ 48].
However, there is limited understanding of the 'metabolic' disruption that occurs in cells when intracellular free heme exceeds homeostatic levels and causes toxicity.
Osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive bone disease in which bone resorption exceeds bone formation, leading to a reduction in BMD, disruption of bone microarchitecture and increase in fracture risk.
The World Health Organization defines a disaster as a disruption of society resulting in widespread human, material, or environmental loss that exceeds the affected society's ability to cope by using local resources (2 ).
The totality of disruption likely will far exceed ― by a magnitude approaching ten times ― the loss of manufacturing jobs to globalization and technology in the last two decades.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com