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Generally, increasing the percentage of the directly-linked triptycene component increased chain rigidity, interchain spacing, and fractional free volume due to more highly disrupted chain packing.
Both experimental characterizations of inter-chain spacing and microporosity and molecular modeling analysis of chain conformations and rigidity suggested that rigid H-shape pentiptycene units effectively disrupted chain packing, resulting in large fractional free volume and consequent high gas permeabilities in these membranes.
Because of the excess amount of internal free volume associated with the molecular cavities in the pentiptycene moieties and the consequently disrupted chain packing, all the polyimides exhibited high fractional free volume (FFV) leading to high gas permeabilities as well as good selectivities that are highly desired for gas separation membranes.
Bouton and his co-authors — neurosurgeon Ali Rezai of Ohio State University's Neurological Institute and engineer Nick Annetta of the Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio — set out to build a system to bypass Burkhart's injured spinal cord that would minimize the use of assistive devices and directly recruit muscles idled by the disrupted chain of command.
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PBI molecular structure modification is a viable approach to disrupt chain packing altering the free-volume architecture which results in improved gas transport characteristics.
They would certainly have won, the general insisted, if they had been allowed to expand operations into Laos, Cambodia and the North, disrupting chains of supply and recruitment to the Vietcong.
A disrupted supply chain and anxiety about radioactive contamination have changed that; customers have encouraged Mr. Kadoi to slip a note into the menu assuring them that the fish being served is safe.
Cisplatin also induces ROS production via the disrupted respiratory chain [ 35].
In addition, cisplatin induces mitochondrial dysfunction and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via the disrupted respiratory chain [ 35].
Evaluation of performance without the flocculation or chlorination steps would reveal a baseline standard of performance in the event of a disrupted supply chain for renewable materials.
The catastrophes damaged factories, disrupted supply chains, caused a crippling power shortage and curtailed consumer spending.
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