It is widely believed, but variably disputed, that such natural phenomena as the spirals in nautilus shells, hurricanes, and galaxies; the branching of tree limbs, leaf veins, skeletal and circulatory systems; and the distribution of flower petals and brain waves conform to something called the golden ratio, or phi — represented by the irrational number 1.618.
In any event, the reality of the phenomena is disputed even by some devout Catholics.
Under the EU's current proposals, 175 industry sectors out of 245 will receive their pollution permits for free to 2020, even though the 'carbon leakage' phenomena is still disputed, with one recent EU report questioning whether it even existed.
However, while its existence is disputed, anecdotal evidence for the phenomenon is mostly concentrated in the 1980s and 1990s.
Modern sources tend to dispute that the phenomenon is real.
The analysis found no significant difference in the medical management of patients in the two periods, and the authors disputed the idea of a "July phenomenon".
This phenomenon is being controversially disputed by different authors, and there might be an effect of neuroleptics on cerebral NAA levels [ 4, 11, 18], although in the light of other studies, this appears to be unlikely [ 18, 26].
Plasticity-induced closure and residual stresses have often been invoked to explain these phenomena, but closure mechanisms are disputed, especially under conditions approximating to generalised plane strain.
However, the credibility of the ETH as an explanation for abductions is disputed by most psychologists who have investigated this phenomenon.
Despite years of research, the underlying mechanism driving the phenomenon and its temporal dynamics are still disputed.
