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For measuring slip on normal faults, we selected artificial or natural piercing points and measured displacements consisting of lateral, vertical, and extensional components.
Compatibility conditions of translations and rotations are derived at bar-ends with respect to the generalized displacements consisting of displacements and rotations of nodes and bars.
Figure 6 shows a schematic model explaining these sawtooth displacements, consisting of half-graben blocks bounded by the linear surface ruptures and a graben at the center of the model, which is the boundary between the two groups.
The analysis approach which is based on the assumptions of Classical Laminate Plate Theory employs a representation for the transverse displacements consisting of a system of trigonometric functions in both inplane coordinate directions.
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The displacements consist of periodic cycles that involve alternating stages of injection and extraction.
Then the substructural displacements are expressed exactly in terms of mixed modes, i.e., the displacements consist of linear combinations of fixed- and free-interface modes.
It is shown that the compatible shell displacements consist of the translation vector and rotation tensor fields defined on the regular parts of the shell base surface as well as independently on the singular surface curve modelling the shell branching.
This theory is based on the assumption that the in-plane and transverse displacements consist of bending and shear components where the bending components do not contribute to shear forces, and likewise, the shear components do not contribute to bending moments.
The displacement field is chosen based on assumptions that the in-plane and transverse displacements consist of bending and shear components, and the shear components of in-plane displacements give rise to the parabolic variation of shear strain through the thickness in such a way that shear stresses vanish on the plate surfaces.
The present refined nth-order shear deformation theory is based on assumption that the in-plane and transverse displacements consist of bending and shear components, in which the bending components do not contribute toward shear forces and, likewise, the shear components do not contribute toward bending moments.
The traces of the bead displacements consisted of successive multisteps (Fig. 1 yellow and blue arrowheads), although the displacements sometimes developed in a single-step fashion (Fig. 1 white arrowheads).
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