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The resulting gel displacements are converted into traction forces using the inverse Boussinesq formulation, where the Boussinesq theory describes the displacement equilibrium solutions inside a semi-infinite elastic half-space with applied forces at its free boundary [19].
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The individual pillar displacements were converted into the corresponding forces using a modified form of the Timoshenko beam deflection theory (36).
This displacement is converted to an electrical output by a pointer fixed to the mass moving over the surface of a potentiometer attached to the housing.
The axial displacement was converted into sliding displacement (d) along the sawcut.
Using these parameters, we calculated sea-bottom displacement using a static dislocation model (e.g., Okada 1985) and then the displacement was converted to the initial tsunami height, considering a spatial low-pass filtering effect due to the sea depth of 4 km (e.g., Kajiura 1963; Saito and Furumura 2009).
Measurements of particle displacement were converted into absolute distances by adjusting for measured axial length of the subject's eye, which was 23.97 mm.
The displacement of δ vs V coordinates are converted to Sd (spectral displacements) and S a (spectral accelerations), respectively, by the use of PFϕroof (modal participation factors) and α (effective modal weight) ratios as obtained from dynamic characteristics of the fundamental mode of the building.
The axial force and axial displacement acquired during a test are converted into stress and the strain in order to be used for the fabric material model.
The seismic waveforms are converted to ground displacements by a time integral.
The first module of the Meddis model corresponds to the middle ear where sound waves are converted into stapes displacement.
Simulation generates unitary myosin binding events during successive Δ t's that are converted to actin displacement by the myosin step-size and then to actin velocity by dividing by Δ t.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com