"We have returned because of the excessive suffering caused by displacement," says Bnongoti.
"There's a lot of concern about land grabs and displacement," said a senior analyst, Bill Vorley.
Ms. Burden played down the notion of widespread displacement, saying that more than 90percentt of the housing in the area was "rent protected," including the neighborhood's several large public housing complexes.
"We lost so many people not just to bombs and other weapons, but also because of displacement," said Sara, who has three children and asked to use a pseudonym to protect relatives still in government-held areas.
That kind of displacement, said Mr. Jacobson, the sanctions expert, shows that even strict sanctions, enforced with broad international support, would be unlikely to entirely seal off a country as large and complex as Iran.
"The knock-on effect of poor rains or locust infestations, which we are seeing more of this year, will have an impact on displacement," said Justin Brady, head of the Somalia office for the UN's Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
"I have never known such a rapid moment of displacement," said its Iraq country director, Tina Yu. "We're seeing children and families who've fled their homes, often in the middle of the night, fearing for their lives and with nothing but the clothes on their backs.
What you have here is forced displacement," said Vicente Raimundo, head of the European Union humanitarian aid department (ECHO) regional office for Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean.
"Members of ISIS have committed war crimes and crimes against humanity in Aleppo and Ar-Raqqah governorates including acts of torture, murder, enforced disappearances and forcible displacement," said Paulo Pinheiro, who chaired the panel which produced the report.
Children are the most vulnerable to disease and the distress of displacement, says UNICEF.
"Their confidence in the world has suffered as a consequence of their experiences of war and displacement," says school director Mahmoud Ibrahim.
