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The relative displacement can also lead to girder unseating.
In addition, the singularity orders and intensity factors of stress and electrical displacement can also be obtained.
The results of the numerical procedure point out that the proposed procedure based on the transfer function of the base shear force and the top displacement can also be beneficial in the rehabilitation of seismic response of the structures.
Thus, the distribution g ((eta )) of the dimensionless displacement can also be determined.
Note that surface displacement can also be observed during the drilling phase (Lubitz et al. 2013).
For the cantilever beam in Figure 3, the maximum displacement can also be expressed as f v max A = v x x = L = ∫ 0 L M ¯ x M x EI dx = ∫ 0 L 2 Q x 4 EL A 2 dx.
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Besides cutting forces, the measured displacements can also be affected by factors such as roundness errors, unbalance at different speeds, or dilatation of the spindle shaft due to temperature variations.
We found that the precision of BDS at static mode can achieve to 2 3 mm and 5 7 mm in horizontal and vertical component, and millimeter level displacements can also be detected by BDS measurements.
Instead the increments of strains and displacements can also increase or decrease from cycle to cycle and possibly disappear completely, so that the monotonous strain accumulation is limited.
However, the displacement pattern can also influence the global behaviour, and in terms of biaxial bending forces, the displacement history and the way the biaxial forces are combined in two orthogonal directions is a very important subject.
Ecological character displacement can theoretically also lead to increased reproductive isolation in hybridizing taxa, and this can be both at the premating and at the postmating stage [ 5, 38, 39].
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