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The results of the models show how pre-existing fractures affect the growth rate, the accumulation of the displacement and interaction between hydraulic and mechanically-induced fractures.
In view of this, an analytical model of the stress, displacement and interaction of casing-cement sheath-surrounding rocks subjected to inner casing pressure and outer radial far-field in-situ stress and debonding of cementing surfaces were derived with due consideration of varied casing pressure, temperature and pore pressure due to cyclic injection and production.
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The elastic displacements, stresses and interaction energy of arbitrarily shaped dislocation loops with general Burgers vectors in transversely isotropic bimaterials (i.e. joined half-spaces) are expressed in terms of simple line integrals for the first time.
We compared the two indices and the rank order obtained to those based on displacement and winner loser interactions to explore the effect of undecided interactions on power asymmetries and to assess the reliability of displacement interactions in building hierarchies in this species [de Waal, 1989; Thierry et al., 1994].
Relative matrilineal ranks were determined from behavioral management staff records of weekly observations of displacements and aggressive interactions and were supplemented by observations from this study.
Displacements and aggressive interactions occurred at similar rates (Table I).
Rank orders obtained with displacements and winner loser interactions were similar (15 of 21 ranks in R1 and 10 of 15 ranks in PB).
The impact force and displacement versus interaction time were measured.
Finally, the complete failure process involving large displacement and rotation of multiple interaction blocks is exhibited dynamically.
The aims of our study were: (1) to explore the association between dominance and body condition in outdoor group-living domestic horses; and (2) to assess whether herds that are more similar in body condition, height or age have higher levels of displacement interactions or interactivity.
Discontinuities between the blocks, their mechanical interaction, large displacement and rotation are the main causes of degradation and collapse of these structures.
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