Due to differences in the surface chemistries of dispersing agent and ITO-NPs, obtaining a stable dispersion of polymeric dispersing agent and ITO-NPs can be challenging.
This was mainly due to the better dispersion of nano ZnO in the presence of dispersing agent used for silica in the rubber matrix [13].
Researchers have found that the colloidal stability of dispersions can be disrupted by changes in surface potential of dispersing agent [15], ionic strength [15], concentration of dispersing agent [13] and particle size [13].
Polycarboxylate superplasticizer as dispersing agent is applied.
The effect of four variables was simultaneously studied: PANI (concentration), stirring speed (ST), mixing time (MT), dispersing agent (DA).
These pharmaceutical properties were enhanced by increasing the ratio of the dispersing agent to the drug and the solid content in suspension to be sprayed.
The results indicated that the influences of control factors decrease in order: PANI (concentration), mixing time (MT), dispersing agent (DA) and stirring speed (ST).
The influences of dispersing agent and additives for cement, including mineral and chemical admixtures, were evaluated for a total of 18 different combinations.
It was found that the selective wetting of filler surface by the dispersing agent and rubber matrix is controlled by thermodynamic and kinetic factors.
An alternative scheme was investigated in the present study involving the use of low molecular weight reactive solvents as processing aid and dispersing agent.
Thereby, in concentration range 3.6 to 7.17 mol NH3/mol Ni2+, ammonia primarily effects as a dispersing agent of aggregates.
