In the 1960s British zoologist Robert Hinde drew on many examples to support the view that the causal basis of behaviour is dispersed among numerous variables affecting sensory, central, and motor pathways.
In order to compare the reported typical consumption of beer, wine and spirits across months of the year, we employed negative binomial regression modelling (NBR) for over-dispersed variables and many data points at zero [ 33, 34].
Therefore, in systems where resources are spatially dispersed and temporally variable, selection may favor morphological shapes that support omnivory rather than discrete morphotypes specialized on a particular prey and habitat type.
The aims of this work were: (a) to compare bird species richness and densities among different silvicultural designs with variable retention (dispersed and/or aggregated) and unmanaged primary forests, and (b) to assess temporal changes at community and species levels before and after treatments.
By characterizing CXCR4 viruses as highly variable and dispersed in sequence space we provide further evidence for the fact that not only is this phenotypic change predictive of disease progression but also that it comes as a result of an extensive evolution of the V3 loop sequence and a decrease of the selective pressure on the viral envelope genome.
The N-terminal part of the human protein (amino-acids 1 396) contains a conserved region (1 98), moderately conserved regions (148 187, 214 250, 368 392) and variable portions dispersed throughout the 99 396 region.
Moreover, the genome similarity among serovars is about 99%, in which major polymorphism is provided by few highly variable loci dispersed throughout the chromosome (Thomson et al. 2008), with evidence of positive selection for some of them (V. Borges, A. Nunes, R. Ferreira, M. J. Borrego, and J. P. Gomes, unpublished data; Joseph et al. 2011).
Then, the vehicle coordination is achieved by a path variable containment approach, under which the path variables are evenly dispersed between two virtual leaders.
To reduce risks and maximize the productivity of variable and widely dispersed resources, local communities depend upon flexibility (through seasonal mobility, temporary rangeland exploitation and herd diversification) and social capital (within and between pastoralists and other groups) to ensure access to resources ([Nori et al. 2005]).
In this way we can study an extended number of disperse phase variables as bubble velocity, void fraction, interfacial area concentration, mean chord length and distribution, Sauter mean diameter, bubble frequency and missing ratio, in addition to other variables as bubble size distribution or carrier phase velocity and turbulence.
Thus, long-tailed macaques thrive in complex, anthropogenic landscapes and can disperse across wildly variable habitats.
