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(4) What are the possible consequences of dispersal variation for spatial patterns of adult recruitment?
This finding shows that dispersal variation is far from negligible in the wild.
The phylogenetic perspective on dispersal variation shows that dispersal is highly variable at the species level.
For these reasons, a larger sample of source trees than is typically used (≤5) is needed for investigating seed dispersal variation within populations [4].
Comparing population genetic patterns across the same seascape for many species can allow initial identification of species with different levels of structure, and test hypotheses about the processes that create dispersal variation for species in the same ecosystem.
Next, to test if dispersal ability is conserved within a given species as compared to dispersal variation among species, we could not use classical statistical frameworks (including the ANOVA) because, for each dispersal traits, intra-specific trait values were available for a few species and a few populations within species only.
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The distribution of reproduction among members of a social group is a fundamental aspect of sociality, with implications for patterns of dispersal, genetic variation, and cooperation within groups.
Understanding patterns of pollen dispersal and variation in mating systems provides insights into the evolutionary potential of plant species and how historically rare species with small disjunct populations persist over long time frames.
They have evolved numerous characteristics to overcome this challenge, through physical and biochemical pathways, enabling the engineering of their own pollination and seed dispersals, combating variations in climatic changes and the coexistence with herbivorous and pathogenic intruders.
Secondly, the sampling of mothers with their offspring complicates the examination of male dispersal via mtDNA variation, because pre-dispersal males, carrying the mtDNA variant of their resident mother, would weaken the predicted effect of higher male mtDNA variation.
We investigated the relation between habitat configuration (patch size, connectivity) and dispersal by studying variation in tiptoe behaviour in the dune wolf spider, Pardosa monticola, under standardized laboratory conditions.
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