In addition, the interaction among dispersal processes - dispersion rates, dispersal distance, and dispersal decisions - that influence landscape occupancy, impacts the global population dynamics.
Analyzing the dispersal agents which cause the dispersal processes inevitably leads to the entire spectrum of dispersed species and, therefore, revealing which species benefit from this agent and which do not.
As microbial distribution is a result of both environmental and dispersal processes [27], it remains unclear how these taxonomically closely related bacterial strains dispersed around the globe while two isolates from the same area are phylogenetically distinct from each other based on both housekeeping genes and secondary metabolic genes.
Given multiple dispersal processes, the spatial neighbourhood definition influences the scale of spatial processes that are investigated.
We conclude that cellular automata were relevant formalizations of dispersal processes at the landscape level.
Our findings indicated that effects of both environmental gradients and dispersal processes on species composition were scale-dependent.
An important challenge, therefore, is to determine if accounting for this additional complexity enriches our understanding of the dispersal processes.
In this paper we propose a discrete space (i.e., grid-based) model for dispersal processes in continuous space.
Birth, death, and dispersal processes of a species can overcome the habitat-loss effect and a decrease in the average size of patches.
The ability to remotely analyze vegetation can provide opportunities to evaluate large areas at minimal cost and aid in understanding dispersal processes of native invasives.
In the landscape with low soil fertility due to phosphorous (P) limitation, spatial turnover was generated by variation in past and present dispersal processes.
